Torque and horsepower Relations:

T=HP×5252÷RPM 

HP="T×RPM÷5252"

RPM="HP×5252÷T

Torque values are in foot pounds.

Hydraulic (fluid power) horsepower:

HP = PSI × GPM ÷ 1714
PSI is gauge pressure in pounds per square inch; GPM is oil flow in gallons per minute.

Velocity of oil flow in pipe:

V = GPM × 0.3208 ÷ A
V is oil velocity in feet per second; GPM is flow in gallons per minute;
A is inside area of pipe in square inches

Charles’ Law for behavior of gases:

T1V2 = T2V1, or T1P2 = T2P1 T1, P1,

and V1 are initial temperature, pressure,

and volume, and T2, P2, and V2 are final

conditions.

Boyle’s Law for behavior of gases:

P1V1 = P2V2
P1 and V1 are initial pressure and volume;

P2 and V2 are final conditions.

Circle formulas:

Area = πr 2 , or πD2 ÷ 4
Circumference = 2πr, or πD
r is radius; D is diameter, inches

Heat equivalent of fluid power:

BTU per hour = PSI × GPM × 1Z\x

Hydraulic cyl. piston travel speed:

S=CIM÷A
S is piston travel speed, inches per minute;
CIM is oil flow into cylinder, cubic inches

per minute;
A is piston area in square inches.

Force or thrust of any cylinder:

F=A×PSI
F is thrust or force, in pounds;
A is piston net area in square inches;
PSI is gauge pressure.

Force for piercing or shearing sheet metal:

F=P×T×PSI
F is force required, in pounds;
P is perimeter around area to be sheared, in inches;
T is sheet thickness in inches;
PSI is the shear strength rating of the material in pounds per square inch.

Side load on pump or motor shaft:

F = (HP × 63024) ÷ (RPM × R)
F is the side load, in pounds, against shaft;
R is the pitch radius, in inches, of sheave on pump shaft;
HP is driving power applied to shaft.

Effective force of a cylinder working at 

an angle to direction of the load travel:

F = T × sin A
T is the total cylinder force, in pounds; F is 

the part of the force which is effective, in

pounds; A is the least angle, in degrees, 

between cylinder axis and load direction.

Heat radiating capacity of a steel reservoir:

HP=0.001×A×TD
HP is the power radiating capacity expressed in horsepower; A is surface area, in square feet; TD is temperature difference in degrees F between oil and surrounding air.

Burst pressure of pipe or tubing:

P = 2t × S ÷ O
P is burst pressure in PSI; t is wall thickness, 

in inches; S is tensile strength of material in 

PSI; O is outside diameter, in inches.

Relationship between displacement and

torque of a hydraulic motor:

T=D×PSI÷24π
T is torque in foot-lbs.; D is displacement in 

cubic inches per revolution; PSI is pressure

difference across motor; π= 3.14.

Horsepower for driving a pump:
For every 1 HP of drive, the equivalent of 1
GPM @ 1500 PSI can be produced

Horsepower for idling a pump:
To idle a pump when it is unloaded will require about 5% of its full rated horsepower.

Compressibility of hydraulic oil:
Volume reduction is approximately 1/2% for every 1000 PSI of fluid pressure.

Compressibility of water:
Volume reduction is about 1/3% for every

1000 PSI pressure.

Flow velocity in hydraulic lines: Pump suction 

lines 2 to 4 feet per second; pressure lines up 

to 500 PSI, 10 to 15 feet per sec; pressure 

lines 500 to 3000 PSI, 15 to 20 feet per sec.; 

pressure lines over 3000 PSI, 25 feet per sec.; 

all oil lines in air-over-oil system, 4 feet per 

sec.

Wattage for heating hydraulic oil: Each watt 

will raise the temperature of 1 gallon of oil by 

1ºF per hour.